Technical Background
Luneberg lens antenna (Luneberg Lens) was proposed by R.K. Luneberg in 1944, which has more than 60 years of history. After continuous updating and improvement by engineers, this dielectric lens antenna technology is now widely used to manufacture low-cost, high-gain and easy-to-operate microwave antennas, mainly used in mobile receiving stations for satellite tracking and other applications. Lambert lens reflector is used for target radar effective reflection area enhancement, applied to radar target marking and target/dummy target.

Luneburg Lens
The luneburg lens is a laminar structure of dielectric sphere whose outer layer has the same or similar dielectric constant as air, and the higher the dielectric constant toward the center of the sphere, so that the Lombard lens can gather the intercepted electromagnetic waves together, and when a plane wave is incident on the lens, it is focused to the other end of the diameter perpendicular to this plane wave front by the lens. Similarly, at this point to place a feed source can be in the ball antenna mouth surface to form a plane wave emitted. Using the luneburg lens antenna, just move the feed source on the spherical surface can make the beam for 360 ° scan.

Luneburg Lens Reflector
Luneburg lens reflector, is the luneburg lens half of the surface of the ball (or part) coated with metal reflective layer. The lens reflector thus formed can gather the intercepted electromagnetic waves together and reflect them back with a large gain, thus having a large effective reflective area. The effective radar reflective area is proportional to the fourth power of the side length and proportional to the square of the wavelength.

Advantages
Small size and light weight, very high reflection efficiency, wide angular response, its radar scattering cross-sectional area compared with the same diameter of the metal ball can be up to hundreds of times more.
Low price, very easy to install and maintain, long service life, and no power supply, good economic effect.
Since there is no electromagnetic wave radiation, there is no harm and interference to people and instruments and equipment, at the same time, there is no failure due to electromagnetic interference, the failure rate is very low, the reliability is very high, it is a new product that saves energy and no environmental pollution.

Structure Characteristics
The luneburg lens reflector is made of low-loss dielectric material, and its structure is made in layers according to the different distribution of material dielectric constants.
Each layer is composed of two hemispheres, the shell is a protective layer of glass fiber reinforced plastic, the outside is also coated with color paint, with sealing, anti-corrosion and weathering characteristics. The whole product is a spherical body.

Application Scope
In the air: It can be installed on aircraft, missiles and targets as radar echo enhancers and dummy targets for electronic countermeasures.
On the ground: It can be installed in waterways, ports, airports, etc. as navigation and marking devices, and can also be used as camouflage facilities for artillery vehicles, tanks, field stations, bridges, etc.
On water: It can be mounted on fishing boats, ships, life rafts, etc. to improve the distance and probability of radar detection, to avoid collision and facilitate rescue and salvage. Installed in marine animal and plant breeding area, offshore exploration, construction operation area, military test area around, can give the approaching ships as a warning mark.

Use and Maintenance
Luneburg lens reflector should be installed in a location with no electromagnetic obstruction and good visibility.
When installed, the red (or black, etc.) marking point on the ball should be aligned to the direction of maximum reflection, which generally requires only visual alignment. In case of all-round reflective characteristics, the symmetrical surface of the lens reflector M2 should be placed on the horizontal plane with a deviation of not more than 3°.
If there is dirt on the outer surface of the luneburg lens reflector, it can be rinsed off with clean water.
It is not allowed to drill holes or embed other parts inside the luneburg lens reflector to avoid damage.